Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Extracellular biogenic nanoscale mitochondria reprogram the wound microenvironment via ROS scavenging independent of cellular uptake

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103023

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSC-mt internalization promotes mitophagy activation under oxidative stress (A-B) Flow cytometric analysis of mitophagy in L929 cells co-cultured with fluorescently labeled MSC-mt under H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress. Mitophagy levels are shown for total cells as well as stratified mt transfer + and mt transfer − subpopulations, showing preferential mitophagy activation in mt transfer + cells. (C-D) Western blot analysis of mitophagy- and survival-related signaling proteins in flow-sorted mt transfer + and mt transfer − L929 cells following co-culture with fluorescently labeled MSC-mt under oxidative stress. Blots show phosphorylated PINK1 (S228), total PINK1, Parkin, total p62, phosphorylated p62 (S349 and S403), pAKT, OXPHOS components, and TOM20, highlighting enhanced PINK1–Parkin signaling and mitophagy-associated p62 processing in mt transfer + cells. (E) Flow cytometric assessment of mitophagy in total, mt transfer + , and mt transfer − populations following co-culture with PINK1-deficient MSC-derived mitochondria (siPINK1-mt) under oxidative stress, showing attenuated mitophagy activation compared with control MSC-mt. (F) Representative immunofluorescence images of L929 cells under control, H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O 2 + MSC-mt conditions, showing depolarized mitochondria (mitoPeDPP, green) and mitophagy signals (mitophagy, red), indicating increased mitophagic engagement under oxidative stress with MSC-mt transfer. Scale bar = 20 μm. (G–J) Flow cytometric analysis of depolarized mitochondria (mitoPeDPP) and mitophagy in L929 cells under H 2 O 2 stimulation with or without fluorescently labeled MSC-mt co-culture. (G) Representative flow cytometry plots. (H) Quantification of the proportions of mitoPeDPP + , mitophagy + , and double-positive cell populations. (I) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of mitophagy signals, with stratification by mt transfer + and mt transfer − populations. (J) MFI of mitoPeDPP signals, with stratification by mt transfer + and mt transfer − populations. All experiments were independently repeated three times (n = 3) and representative images are shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns, not significant. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Following co-culture, mitophagy was detected using a mitophagy detection kit (Dojindo, Cat# MD01), while depolarized mitochondria were simultaneously labeled with MitoPeDPP (Dojindo, Cat# M466), according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Labeling, Western Blot, Co-Culture Assay, Derivative Assay, Control, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

Journal: Non-coding RNA Research

Article Title: Exosomal miRNA-218–5p derived from low-passage dermal papilla cells modulates hair follicle growth and development

doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2026.01.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exosomes derived from low-passage DPCs regulated HFSC proliferation. (A) Indirect immunofluorescence showing ALPL and PCNA expression in low-passage (P1) and high-passage (P8) DPCs (scale bar = 50 μm). (B) RT-qPCR analysis of HF development-related gene expression in P1 and P8 DPCs (unpaired two-tailed t -test, n = 3). (C) TEM images of exosomes from P1 DPCs (DPC-Exos P1) and P8 DPCs (DPC-Exos P8). (D) NTA measurement of particle size of DPC-Exos P1 and DPC-Exos P8. (E) Western blot detection of exosome-specific proteins in DPC-Exos P1 and DPC-Exos P8. (F) CCK-8 assay evaluating HFSC proliferation after treatment with DPC-Exos from P1 and P8 (one-way ANOVA, n = 5). (G) Flow cytometry analysis of HFSC apoptosis after treatment with DPC-Exos from P1 and P8 (one-way ANOVA, n = 3). ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme, China, Cat No. A214) was employed, and apoptosis rates were analyzed via flow cytometry using a FACSAria SORP instrument (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: iScience

Article Title: SKA2 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating glutathione metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knocking down SKA2 induces gastric cancer cell line apoptosis (A and B) Effects of SKA2 knockdown on apoptosis in SNU638 and NUGC3 cell lines. Representative flow cytometric plots are shown. (C) Western blotting analysis of the expression of PARP, Cleaved-Caspase3, and SKA2 in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. α-Tubulin was used as the internal control. (D and E) Effects of SKA2 overexpression on apoptosis in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. Representative flow cytometric plots are shown. (F) Western blotting analysis of SKA2 overexpression in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines using anti-PARP, anti-Cleaved-Caspase3, and anti-SKA2 antibodies. α-Tubulin was used as the internal control. Representative flow cytometry plots and blotting images are shown from 3 biologically independent experiments. Data in (A)–(B) and (D)–(E) are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3 biologically independent experiments. p values are based on a one-way ANOVA test (∗∗∗ p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Annexin V-FITC/ PI Apoptosis Detection Kit , LiankeBio , Cat# AP101.

Techniques: Knockdown, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Over Expression, Flow Cytometry

Journal: iScience

Article Title: SKA2 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating glutathione metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115202

Figure Lengend Snippet: The intracellular GSH and ROS level affected by SKA2 and SLC6A9/Glyt1 in GC (A–E) Intracellular glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, and glutathione levels in SKA2-shRNA/SNU638 and scramble-shRNA/SNU638 cells. (F and G) Relative DCFH-DA fluorescence measured by flow cytometry of cells treated with SKA2 shRNA or scrambled shRNA. (H and I) Relative DCFH-DA fluorescence measured by flow cytometry of SKA2 overexpression in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (J) Western blotting analysis of GLYT1 overexpression in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines using anti-Flag and anti-SKA2 antibodies. α-Tubulin was used as the internal control. (K) Relative DCFH-DA fluorescence measured by flow cytometry of Glyt1 overexpression in SNU638 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (L) Relative DCFH-DA fluorescence measured by flow cytometry of Glyt1 overexpression in NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (M) Cell cycle analysis of GLYT1 overexpression in SNU638 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (N) Effects of GLYT1 overexpression on apoptosis in SNU638 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. Representative flow cytometry histograms and blotting images are shown from 3 biologically independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3 biologically independent experiments. p values in (A)–(E) are based on Student’s t test. p values in (F)–(N) are based on a one-way ANOVA test (ns, no significance; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Annexin V-FITC/ PI Apoptosis Detection Kit , LiankeBio , Cat# AP101.

Techniques: shRNA, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Over Expression, Knockdown, Western Blot, Control, Cell Cycle Assay

Journal: iScience

Article Title: SKA2 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating glutathione metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knocking down SKA2-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis through the SKA2/ROS/ATM axis in GC cell lines (A) Western blotting analysis of γ-H2AX (Ser139), ATM, p -ATM (Ser1981), p -Chk2 (Thr68), and SKA2 expression in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (B) Western blotting analysis of SKA2 overexpression in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines using antibodies against γ-H2AX (Ser139), ATM, p -ATM (Ser1981), p -Chk2 (Thr68), and SKA2. (C) Western blotting analysis of KU-55933 treatment in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines using antibodies against cyclin D1, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, p -Chk2 (Thr68), PARP, Cleaved-Caspase3, JNK, p -JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), ATM, p -ATM (Ser1981), and SKA2. (D) Western blotting analysis of BML-277 treatment in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines using antibodies against cyclin D1, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, p -Chk2 (Thr68), and SKA2. (E) Western blotting analysis of P38, p-P38 (Thr180/Tyr182), ERK, p -ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), JNK, p -JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), and SKA2 expression in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (F) Western blotting analysis of the rescue effect of SKA2 overexpression on MAPK pathway markers (ERK, p -ERK1/2, JNK, and p -JNK) in SNU638 and NUGC3 SKA2-knockdown cell lines. (G) Western blotting analysis of JNK-IN-8 treatment in SNU638 SKA2-knockdown cell lines using antibodies against PARP, cleaved-caspase3, JNK, p -JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), and SKA2. α-Tubulin was used as the internal control for all blots. Representative blotting images are shown from 3 independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Annexin V-FITC/ PI Apoptosis Detection Kit , LiankeBio , Cat# AP101.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Knockdown, Over Expression, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: SKA2 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating glutathione metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram proposes the mechanism by which SKA2 regulates gastric cancer progression SKA2 positively regulates the expression of the glycine transporter SLC6A9. Downregulation of SKA2 inhibits SLC6A9 expression, leading to reduced intracellular glycine uptake and impaired GSH synthesis. This metabolic alteration results in the accumulation of ROS, which causes DNA damage. The elevated ROS and DNA damage activate the ATM signaling kinase. Activated ATM then branches to phosphorylate Chk2, triggering G2/M cell-cycle arrest, and phosphorylate JNK, inducing apoptosis.

Article Snippet: Annexin V-FITC/ PI Apoptosis Detection Kit , LiankeBio , Cat# AP101.

Techniques: Expressing